GlycoCLICK™-based Liposome Preparation Service
Your Reliable GlycoCLICK™-based Liposome Preparation Assistant
Combining natural biomolecules such as sugars, peptides, and other component modules with polymer backbones to prepare biohybrid materials is currently one of the most attractive applications. Polymers have good structural support properties and vary in composition and morphology. Therefore, the resulting hybrid material not only has the various advantages of polymers but also has many advanced biological functions, such as molecular recognition, programmed self-organization, biological targeting, enzymatic activity, etc. Such structures are often called polymer bioconjugates. CD BioGlyco uses click chemistry technology to provide Biological Material Preparation to clients around the world. These services include but are not limited to:
Liposomes are microspheres similar to cell membranes that are encapsulated by a single or multilayer lipid bilayer membrane in the form of concentric circles. Their main components are phospholipids and cholesterol. With extensive research conducted by many researchers, it has been found that liposomes mainly have adjuvant and carrier functions. We provide market-competitive liposome preparation services to clients worldwide.
Liposome preparation service
We use bioorthogonal reactions (e.g., click chemistry methods) to achieve site-specific conjugation, whereby protein ligands are site-specifically coupled to the liposome surface for modification. Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) is a fast and efficient method to introduce functional sugar groups at desired sites to achieve site-specific binding. Strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) is also a commonly used GlycoCLICK Chemistry method. It has the advantages of fast reaction kinetics and no need for toxic metal catalysts. We also attach functional groups to the liposome surface via a Staudinger ligation reaction.
Liposome characterization services
In the biomedical field, the performance of liposomal materials is closely related to many parameters such as size, shape, morphology, lamellarity, and surface functionalization. Therefore, after developing liposome biomaterials, we help clients perform characterization services on liposome biomaterials to evaluate the impact on physical and chemical properties, stability, etc. Our characterization techniques are as follows:
- Small-angle X-ray/neutron scattering (SAXS/SANS) and diffraction techniques: They are one of the most commonly used methods to characterize liposome structures, not only providing basic information about liposome systems but also used to predict interactions and conformational modifications in biological processes.
- Electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques: We will combine electron microscopy and AFM to visualize liposomes at high resolution and analyze their size, dimensions, morphology, surface modification, and other information.
- Light (fluorescence and confocal) microscopy techniques: Optical microscopy techniques provide magnified images of samples, obtaining information on size, uniformity, and degree of aggregation. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) is used to visualize the internal structure of liposomes and localize the degree of subcellular distribution of liposomes. It is a key technology for characterizing biological materials.
- Dynamic light scattering technique: Nanoparticle size distribution information of nanoparticles is obtained through dynamic light scattering technology.
Publication
Technology: CuAAC, click chemistry
Journal: Accounts of chemical research
IF: 18.3
Published: 2015
Results: The authors studied the effect of catalysts composed of unsupported and supported copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) on click chemistry reactions. It was found that in the presence of triethylamine, the unsupported catalyst rapidly reacted terminal alkynes with azides, but the dissolution of the nanoparticles hindered the recovery of the catalyst. Supported CuNPs are not only used in multi-component variants of CuAAC but also can be carried out in pure water, and the catalyst is easy to recycle. Therefore, supported CuNPs are more robust and efficient than unsupported CuNPs.
Fig.1 Copper nanoparticle preparation in click chemistry. (Alonso, et al., 2015)
Applications
- Vaccine adjuvant: As a vaccine adjuvant, liposomes are widely used in the preparation of bacterial vaccines, viral vaccines, parasite vaccines, and tumor vaccines. For example, liposomes encapsulate tumor-associated antigens to make tumor vaccines, which are used in research on non-small cell lung cancer and prostate cancer.
- Drug carrier: Liposome is a kind of directional drug carrier, that improves the efficacy of drugs, increases their stability, and reduces toxic and side effects, so it has become the focus of continuous research. At present, liposomes have been used as drug carriers for pharmaceutical preparations such as injections, oral preparations, eye drops, aerosols, and external skin applications.
- Gene therapy: Gene therapy refers to transferring genetic material into human cells and integrating it into chromosomes to replace mutated genes, supplement missing genes, or turn off abnormal genes, thereby achieving the purpose of treating body diseases. Cationic liposomes (CL), as the most extensively studied type of transfection liposome, have good effects in gene therapy mediated by it.
Frequently Asked Questions
- What are the advantages of liposomes as adjuvants and carriers?
Antigens can be naturally targeted to the reticuloendothelial system, preferentially taken up by macrophages and other antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and have a sustained release effect on the wrapped antigens or drugs; It has few and mild side effects, no systemic toxic reactions is biodegradable, and has no immunogenicity; It can change the type and mode of the immune response, and can also produce immune memory; By changing the size and charge of liposomes, the distribution of drugs in tissues and clearance in serum can be controlled; Liposomes can be modified with ligands such as monoclonal antibodies to target the drug to the lesion (i.e., drug missile).
- What are the future development opportunities and challenges of liposomes?
The future development of liposomes is bound to be filled with opportunities and challenges. Opportunities: Liposomes are a double umbrella for drugs and patients. On the one hand, they protect the drugs from being metabolized as quickly as possible, and on the other hand, they protect patients from reducing some side effects. Delivery of classical small molecules and RNA via liposomes has been covered and some progress has been made. Challenge: As a complex pharmaceutical formulation similar to biological membranes, industrial technologies for mass production of liposomes are less selective and immature. In the future, research on liposomes will continue to increase, and new liposome drugs will continue to be launched, bringing new hope for the treatment of more diseases.
CD BioGlyco relies on years of accumulation in the field of GlycoCLICK™ to design and develop GlycoCLICK™-based liposome development services for you. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us.
References
- Alonso, F.; et al. Copper nanoparticles in click chemistry. Accounts of chemical research. 2015, 48(9): 2516-2528.
- Jubeli, E.; et al. Synthesis, characterization, and molecular recognition of sugar-functionalized nanoparticles prepared by a combination of ROP, ATRP, and click chemistry. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry. 2010, 48(14): 3178-3187.
For research use only. Not intended for any clinical use.
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